The advent of X-ray free electron lasers

Synchrotron SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

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Résumé

Free Electron Lasers (FEL) use free electrons in the periodic permanent magnetic field of an undulator as a gain medium. They extend from far infrared to X-rays, they are easily tunable and provide a high peak power. The advent of tunable intense (few mJ) short pulse (down to the attosecond regime) FELs with record multi GW peak power in the X-ray domain enables to explore new scientific areas. These unprecedent X-ray sources come along with versatile performance.